HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN CHILDREN: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES

High blood pressure, or hypertension, in children is an emerging health concern that necessitates increased awareness and proactive management. Unlike adults, children with high blood pressure often do not exhibit obvious symptoms, making it a silent but significant threat. The causes of hypertension in children can be divided into primary, often related to genetic and lifestyle factors, and secondary, linked to underlying health conditions.

Early intervention and regular medical check-ups are crucial to prevent long-term health complications associated with pediatric hypertension, suggested Noida- based pediatrician Rajeev Kumar.

Symptoms of high blood pressure in children

Children with high blood pressure often do not show symptoms, says Kumar, but when symptoms do occur, they may include:

Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches can indicate high blood pressure.

Fatigue: Children may feel unusually tired or lethargic.

Blurred vision: Vision problems can be an indication of elevated blood pressure.

Nosebleeds: Frequent or unexplained nosebleeds may be a symptom of hypertension.

Shortness of breath: Difficulty in breathing, especially during physical activity, can be a sign.

Chest pain: Chest discomfort or pain can be associated with high blood pressure.

Dizziness: Episodes of dizziness or feeling lightheaded can occur.

Heart palpitations: Irregular heartbeats or a racing heart might be symptoms of high blood pressure.

Causes of high blood pressure in children

The causes can be classified into two categories: primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension.

Primary hypertension: This type is often related to genetic and lifestyle factors.

Genetics: A family history of hypertension increases the risk.

Obesity: Excess weight is a significant risk factor.

Diet: High salt intake and poor dietary habits can contribute to high blood pressure.

Lack of physical activity: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk.

Stress: High levels of stress and anxiety can lead to elevated blood pressure.

Secondary hypertension: This type is usually linked to underlying health conditions.

Kidney disease: Chronic kidney conditions can lead to hypertension.

Heart abnormalities: Congenital heart defects can cause high blood pressure.

Endocrine disorders: Conditions like hyperthyroidism or adrenal gland disorders can be causes.

Medications: Some medications can cause high blood pressure as a side effect.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis involves several steps:

Blood pressure monitoring: Regular monitoring using norms specific to age, sex, and height.

Medical history and physical examination: A detailed medical history and a thorough physical exam.

Laboratory tests: Blood and urine tests to identify any underlying causes.

Imaging: Ultrasounds or other imaging studies of the heart and kidneys to check for abnormalities.

Treatment and management

Treatment typically combines lifestyle modifications and medications when necessary.

Lifestyle changes: Focus on healthy habits.

Healthy diet: Emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products.

Regular exercise: Encouraging at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day.

Weight management: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.

Reducing salt intake: Limiting sodium in the diet.

Limiting sugar: Reducing consumption of sugary beverages and snacks.

Stress management: Techniques such as relaxation exercises and ensuring adequate sleep.

Medications: If lifestyle changes are not sufficient, medications such as ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, or diuretics may be prescribed.

Regular monitoring: Ongoing monitoring of blood pressure to assess the effectiveness of treatment and make necessary adjustments.

2024-06-01T03:45:34Z dg43tfdfdgfd